Here is my latest Dump of CCNA exam which i took today with a score of 810.

It was quite difficult unlike my expectation. The questions were from from the normal topics except few. However most of these questions were very badly worded Both gramatically and technically to confuse the guys. I think it is deliberately done by Cisco to fail the poor guys and make more money.

So Here is Comprehensive Exam Cram for many of you preparing for CCNA. This cram was prepared by myself, quite a lot of hardwork behind this, i am sure you will appreciate it. This is more than enough to pass this exam with a similar score of mine.

There are quite lot of short wordings used here only to reduce the time you might take to read this. You will have no problems in understanding this if you have a reasonably good networking knowledge.

Ramesh's Study Guide
OSI Layers: It allows changes in one layer to occur without changing other layers, It clarifies what general function is to be done rather than how to do it.
Application –file, print, message, database, application svcs. identifying communication partners, determining resource availability, and synchng sending & receiving applictns, Eg: SMB, NCP, Telnet, FTP, WWW and SMTP, File Transfer Access and Mangt (FTAM), Virtual Term Proto (VTP), and Common Mangt Info Proto (CMIP).

Presentation-Negotiating data xfer Syntax, Data encryption, compression, translation, coding and conversion functions. Eg. ASCII, EBCDIC, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, PICT, MIDI, QuickTime,
Session?u>Dialog Control-establishes, manages, maintains, and terminates sessions between applications, communication sessions consist of service requests and service responses that occur between applications located in different network devices. Eg. NFS (sun), SQL, RPC, X window, ASP, Zone Info Proto (ZIP), and Session Control Proto (SCP).
Transport-End-End conn, hides info from upper layer, gives transparent data transfer, segments and reassembles data into data streams. responsible for both reliable and unreliable end-to-end logical conn. does flow control, windowing, acknowledgement, multiplexing, virtual circuit management, session establishment and error checking and recovery.

Eg. TCP, UDP, SPX, Name Binding Protocol (NBP), Nwlink, NetBeui, ATP, NBP.
Network-Routing-uses logical addressing to provide routing and related functions that allow multiple data links to be combined into an internetwork. supports both connection-oriented and connectionless service from higher-layer protocols. protocols are typically routing protocols. BGP, OSPF, DLC, DecNet, ICMP, RIP, NLSP, IGRP, EIGRP, Packets and datagrams are sent across this layer.

Data Link-Framing-putting 1’s & 0’s in to a logical group, provides reliable transmission of data across a physical medium. specifies different network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing, network topology, error notification, sequencing of frames, and flow control. two sublayers known as the Media Access Control (MAC) and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. LLC- Provides flexibility to upper & lower protos. Respon timing, flow control, supports both conn less & conn oriented svcs used by upper protocols. MAC-respon for framing, access to physical net media.Eg. ARP. DLL implementations are LAN or WAN specs. LAN imples- Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, Fast Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring/IEEE 802.5,WAN imples.-Frame Relay, LAPB, SDLC, HDLC, X.25, SLIP, PPP.

MAC Add. : 6 bytes ( 3 bytes- vendor code, 3 bytes- Serial No.)

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