The five steps of Encapsulation: 
1) User information is converted to data. 
2) Data is converted to segments. 
3) Segments are converted to packets or datagrams. 
4) Packets or datagrams are converted to frames. 
5) Frames are converted to bits. 

What kind of services are provided by the Presentation layer ? 
JPEG, TIFF, PICT, EBCDIC to ASCII, MIDI, MPEG, QuickTime 

What kind of services are provided by the Session layer ? 
NFS, SQL, RPC, X Windows, ASP, DNA SCP 

How to enable a Banner on a Cisco Router ? 
Router(Config#) banner motd # 

What are the three ways to display IPX interface e0 ? 
sh ipx int e0 
sh ipx interface e0 
sh ipx interface ethernet0 

What are the three ways to modify your running-configuration file ? 
??? 

What s the default subnet mask for Class A, B and C IP adresses ? 
Class A 255.0.0.0 
Class B 255.255.0.0 
Class C 255.255.255.0 

Which IP-class provides the least number of Hosts? 
Class C 

How to define access-list commands ? 
wrong: Router(config-if)# access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.1 0.0.0.0 
right: Router(config) # access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.1 0.0.0.0 
The access list will be defined at global level, not at the interface level. It’s a small but important detail. The access group command will be defined at interface level: 
Router(config) # int e0 
Router(config-if) # access-group 1 out 

What are the access-list ranges of IP (standard and extended) ? 
1-99 IP standard access list 
100-199 IP extended access list 
know also: 
600-699 Appletalk access list 
800-899 IPX standard access list 
900-999 IPX extended access list 
1000-1099 IPX SAP access list 

What happens to a packet which receives the end of an access list ? 
There is an implicit deny any at the end of an access list. So if the packet is not allowed, it will be dropped. 

Which command is used to view the access-list on serial0 interface ? 
show access-lists s0 

How many access-lists are possible on an interface per protocol ?

There can be only one access list for in and one for out on each interface per protocol. 

What is the FrameRelay configuration command for the second subinterface ? 
interface s0.2 point-to-point 
interface s0.2 multipoint 
point-to-point is a direct link between two routers. multipoint is a router in the center as a star of virtual circuits. 

How to change the Enable Secret password to CCNA ? 
Router(config)# enable secret CCNA 

How to change the Enable password to CCNP ? 
Router(config)# enable password CCNP 

How to change the Virtual Terminal password to CCIE ? 
Router(config)# line vty 0 4 
Router(config-line)# login 
Router(config-line)# password CCIE 

How to change the Auxiliary password to Cisco ? 
Router(config)# line aux 0 
Router(config-line)# login 
Router(config-line)# password Cisco 

How to change the Console password to Cisco ? 
Router(config)# line con 0 
Router(config-line)# login 
Router(config-line)# password Cisco 

What is the command to show you both source and destination DLCI s in one command ? 
I m thinking it is show frame-relay route but I m not sure. 

What is the command to show both source and destination addresses in ipx ? 
debug ipx routing activity (not sure) 

I saw a lot of questions about Access Lists, including a couple on IPX access lists. There is no substitute for hands-on experience here with routers, because most questions involved the use of commands. Don’t forget the implicit "Deny All Traffic" statement! Also, know the two ways to monitor the access lists you create: "show access-lists" and "show ip interface." 

There were also several questions on the router’s IOS interface itself, including how to use the help command (i.e., "?"). Also, know your keyboard combinations! And be sure you know the appearance of the router prompt for whatever configuration or command you are to enter. For example, router#(config-if) would be required what types of configuration? 

Know how to identify an IPX logical address (network.node). Know how to configure the basic encapsulations on a Cisco router ?"novell-ether," "sap", "snap," and "arpa." Also, know what the "ipx-maximum paths" command does! 

I got the question wrong about a Cisco series 7000 or 7500 router concerning the proper syntax to setup an interface: It’s slot/adapter/port number! Don’t YOU get it wrong! 

Know the "boot system" command and how it works! Know also how to use a TFTP server for both IOS images and backup configurations. 

Know how to enable the "banner of the day" feature. I had two questions on that subject. 

Know your WAN terminology, including the differences between DCE and DTE, and what CO, demarcation, and CPE mean. 

Also, be familiar with the ISDN specification series (I, E, and Q). Know also the difference between BRI and PRI ISDN, and how the channels work. 

Do you know how to display your configured DCLI’s on a frame-relay router? I do! You just type "sh frame-relay pvc." You’ll thank me, if you remember this! 

Know how to configure a switch for VLANs, and know what frame tagging does! 

There’s a lot more I could cover, but my poor brain has been frozen by the Minnesota weather. Plus, I still want to follow the "spirit" of Cisco’s law concerning sharing the contents of their exam. I do hope the best for you. If you do not have access to a router for the purpose of practicing, don’t even attempt this exam.

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